![]() ![]() We also provide resources and examples for analysis in the R programming environment.Ĭharacterizing the population biology of microbes and parasites including genetically distinct groups such as insects, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, bacteria, or viruses is a complex task requiring subtle skills that are often not explicitly stated in the scientific literature ( Goodwin 1997 Grünwald and Goss 2011 McDonald 1997). #Genodive for genomic data windows how toThis review provides practical guidance on how to navigate through the complex web of data analyses of pathogens that may violate typical population genetics assumptions. Clonality invariably makes analyses of population data difficult because many assumptions underlying the theory from which analysis methods were derived are often violated. A further complication for microbial or pathogen populations is the frequent observation of clonality or partial clonality. What is a good sampling strategy? How many isolates should I sample? How do I include positive and negative controls in my molecular assays? What marker system should I use? This review will attempt to address many of these practical questions that are often not readily answered from reading books or reviews on the topic, but emerge from discussions with colleagues and from practical experience. However, determining the genetic structure of populations requires complex knowledge on a range of subtle skills that are often not explicitly stated in book chapters or review articles on population genetics. Population genetic analysis is a powerful tool to understand how pathogens emerge and adapt. ![]()
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